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BPPV and Physical Therapy

Vertigo, specifically "benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)," is a prevalent condition characterized by a spinning sensation and dizziness triggered by rapid head movements. The exact cause of BPPV is often unknown, although it can be associated with factors like head trauma, vestibular neuritis, vertebrobasilar ischemia, or inner ear infections.

The leading theory suggests that excessive stimulation of sensory organs, including hair cells and cupula, occurs due to the presence of small particles called otoconia within the semicircular canals. This leads to dizziness and the observation of nystagmus, involuntary eye movements in the direction of head rotation. The episodes of dizziness typically last for a few seconds to a minute and may be accompanied by nausea.

The most commonly used therapeutic interventions for BPPV include the Brandt-Daroff exercises and canalith repositioning maneuvers, such as the Epley Maneuver. These treatments aim to reposition the otoconia within the semicircular canal to the utricle, reducing their stimulation of the sensory organs within the canal.

Well-conducted research studies have shown that a significant number of patients experience symptom resolution and negative diagnostic test results for BPPV after undergoing these treatment interventions, as compared to control groups.

However, it is crucial to consult with a doctor and physical therapist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, as other peripheral and central causes of vertigo can exist alongside BPPV. Seeking professional guidance ensures the most effective management of vertigo symptoms.

More on Vertigo at the Mayo Clinic